The cheap crusade

The Crusade against Vermin

being to another. To destroy all peccant mosquitos and rats in places where malaria or plague exists or may be expected is a very large order and not easy to execute. And, after all, it is very questionable whether mosquito and rat intermediacy expresses the whole truth as regards the propagation of malarial fevers and plague. These measures, in as far as they are practicable, may be useful as ...

The Crusade against the Mosquito

Germanic Poetry Surrounding the Third Crusade: The Role of Lyric in Portraying Crusade Attitude

When Jerusalem fell in the Battle of Hattin in 1187, a drastic shift occurred in Crusading mentality that had repercussions throughout Europe. Since the call of the First Crusade in 1095 by Pope Urban II, the fundamental motivator and goal of the movement was Jerusalem.AcrossWestern Europe, mobilization occurred in kings and peasants alike. Enthusiasm swept through the classes, leading to massi...

A New Crusade for Widows

A crusade against home birth.

A recent study by Grunebaum et al examined the relationship between place of birth and adverse neonatal outcomes (Apgar of 0 at 5 minutes, and neonatal seizures or serious neurologic dysfunction—hereafter referred to as neonatal seizures) as reported in birth certificate data from 2007 to 2010 for term newborns (n = 13,891,274) (1). Outcomes were analyzed by four practitioner types: hospital ph...